Once you get your addresses appropriately configured, many will want to access their server from outside of their local networks. There are a few different strategies to provide external access. One is to configure access for anyone using the WAN IP address for your environment. The other is to configure access for any clients using a given iCloud account, which requires little to no further configuration. Given that the first is the most common (for now), let’s start there.
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Each network service uses one or more TCP/IP ports to receive a connection from the outside world. The most common combination is port 80 being used for web connections. TCP/IP uses ports to direct traffic for a given IP address to the appropriate service.
Note
The popular site on OS X Server and system administration, afp548.com, owes its name to the fact that 548 is the port number used to access AFP, the default file sharing service for Mac OS X computers to talk to one another.
One of the coolest features of OS X Server is the ability to automatically configure an Apple AirPort, provided that the AirPort is being used as a router, to forward ports for services enabled on the server. Provided you are using an Apple AirPort as a router, you need only give the server the password to manage the router and it will do all the work for you.
The manual for every router on the market also explains how to configure port forwarding. Given the variety of routers on the market, further explanation of port forwards per device is best then left to said manuals.
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Earlier in this chapter, we looked at configuring the server to be able to access other resources by name. When you are outside of the network, you likely don’t want to have to remember some long string of numbers just to access the server. Therefore, most will want to configure some kind of a name to access their server. There are a couple of ways to go about doing so in a smaller environment. The first is statically, or configuring a domain that you own to point at a server while the second is using dynamic DNS, to update a third-party DNS service that is easily configured (although it may require an additional cost).
The first option is to configure DNS for a domain or name that you own. To do so, you must first have what is known as Start of Authority (SOA) for the domain. For larger environments, contacting a DNS administrator is typically required to perform such a DNS configuration. But in a smaller environment, if you own the domain name, you can do pretty much anything (within technical reason of course) that you like.
To look up the owner of a domain, we will again turn to the Network Utility, located in /Applications/Utilities. From Network Utility, click on the Whois button and enter the domain name (e.g., krypted.com) into the “Enter a domain address to look up its ‘whois’ information” field.
Figure 1-8. Enabling NAT on the Apple AirPort
The address of the DNS servers and the name of the registrar is displayed in the output, as you can see in Figure 1-8. The registrar is where the domain was purchased and therefore who controls settings for the domain. Most registrars (all that I am aware of at least) provide a web control panel to configure DNS servers, and if you are using their DNS servers, also provide the ability to control DNS without the use of third-party DNS servers. If you log into your account with the registrar, then you should be able to configure a name for access into your network.
Note
This type of configuration will work for most services, with the exception of mail. For more on configuring DNS for mail services, see Chapter 9, where configuring mail servers is configured.
Dynamic DNS is a third-party option provided by a number of companies. Dynamic DNS updates a DNS entry every time your server reboots. This is often used by people who don’t have a domain name, or in environments where a static IP address cannot be obtained. The dynamic DNS servers are updated each time the server or router gets a new IP address.
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Dynamic DNS is a great little tool for some environments. For larger production environments, it can represent another moving part that can break, but for smaller environments, where mission critical access is not required for the services installed on the server, dynamic DNS is perfectly acceptable.
The dynamic DNS service uses an agent running on your network to update the IP address it has on file for your environment. Many routers support using dynamic DNS. Most dynamic DNS services also have clients for Mac OS X. One such is DynDNS, which has a free client available at http://dyn.com/dns/dyndns-free. The first step to setting up dynamic DNS using such a service is to create an account with the company that provides the service. Doing so is different for each service, so we won’t look at the specifics in doing so.
Once the account is created, most services will have an application that runs on the client computers to update the dynamic DNS service. DynDNS, one of the more popular services, has a client called DynDNS Updater (Figure 1-9). Open the Updater application and log in with the username and password that was created at the site. Once authenticated, click on the “Site” in the DynDNS Updater sidebar. Then, check the “Enable updating for this host” box and provide the hostname defined in the DynDNS web portal in the “Host name” field. Finally, choose the network interface that you wish the site to use (e.g., if you have multiple network interfaces).
Once the settings are configured as needed, check that the IP address updates on the website when the address changes. If it does, then you are able to access your servers by name using the DynDNS name selected for the hostname.
Figure 1-9. Configuring dynamic DNS
As mentioned earlier, a network can be accessible using iCloud. iCloud requires your router be configured to allow UPnP networking. Most routers ship with this option enabled by default, as it is needed for most gaming consoles and other productive uses of time. Provided that UPnP is enabled, iCloud establishes a tunnel between your two computers through Apple, given that both are constantly in touch with the Apple servers.
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Configuring computers to be accessible via iCloud isn’t necessarily about providing web services to anyone in the world. It’s more about configuring your computers to be able to access each other (and only each other) for sharing files, accessing the desktops of one another, and sharing contacts, calendars, and bookmarks. If this is what you want, then open the iCloud System Preference pane from System Preferences. Here, enter your iCloud information or click on the Create Account button to set up a new iCloud account for free.
When an account is associated with iCloud, a number of checkboxes will appear, as can be seen in Figure 1-10. Locate the option for Back to My Mac and check the box to enable the service.
Figure 1-10. Enabling Back to My Mac
Once checked, all computers using the same iCloud account will have access to one another via the Finder’s Sidebar. To access the system, open a Finder screen and you will see them listed in the list of shared devices, as seen in Figure 1-11.
Figure 1-11. Accessing a Back to My Mac Client
Sysprobs already covered several hackintosh installations on virtualization software such as VMware and VirtualBox. Since network worked out of the box for all installations for me, I missed to show the details of setting up network inside Mac OS X guest machine. This post shows how to setup network and internet access in Mac OS X Leopard (Snow Leopard also) Virtual machine in VMware.
Do Check,
This guide is having two parts.
1) Configure internet access when network adapter is working fine inside Mac OS X guest machine.
(This method will be applicable for Snow Leopard (10.6) installation which is mentioned here.
2) Install network adapter driver (not official) inside VM when network adapter is not working properly.
(This is not applicable for 10.6)
Part – 1, Configure Internet when network adapter is working in Leopard Virtual Machine
1) First we will make sure network adapter in working fine inside Mac OS X Virtual machine in VMware.
Open Utilities in Go menu.
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Open Network Utility now.
2) The above screen will give an idea about virtual network status.
If ‘Hardware Address’ shows all 000000, then it’s a problem with network adapter.
To fix this issue, follow the steps.
a) Check the network adapter settings in virtual machine’s configuration in VMware. Make sure its connected and connected at power on option is enabled.
b) Disconnect the cable (virtual) and connect again.
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Better to restart the VM now and see the result again.
If nothing solves the issues, then move to part two.
Since Hardware Address is not showing 0000 values, our network adapter is working fine here. But, IP address is not valid in this case (it’s an APIPA).
3) Before configuring internet inside Mac virtual machine, first understand the internet connectivity and IP address setup in host computer, where it’s either by wireless or wired network and DHCP or static IP.
In both wireless and wired cases, if the host computer network adapter can get IP address automatically (by DHCP from internet router or any other servers), you can bridge the virtual network adapter to working host computer’s network adapter.
To do it,
Go to settings of virtual machine and select network settings.
The above settings will make the Leopard Virtual machine’s virtual network adapter like a physical network adapter connected to physical network as how host computer is connected.
So, virtual network adapter will get the same IP (range), gateway and DNS address from DHCP in physical network.
Internet should work inside Mac Leopard virtual machine now.
Good uml tool for mac. To make sure the connectivity,
Open terminal in Utilities (in Go menu), ping your host computer’s physical network adapter IP, Gateway IP (Mostly your internet router) and DNS IP (Your ISP -internet Service Provider).
4) If the above step did not work, then follow this.
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We can enable NAT network connection type to get the internet in virtual machine.
On the same screen in step 3, change the Network connection type to ‘NAT’. This will share the host’s IP.
The VMware NAT service will assign an IP to virtual network adapter which can communicate to host computer’s IP and outside IP addresses.
Though it will work without restarting, I suggest restarting the virtual machine after set up the network connection type to NAT.
Above IP information is with NAT mode. The IP address is valid and I can ping to outside world now. Internet is working inside Mac OS X Leopard virtual machine now.
This method is applicable for 10.6 Snow Leopard also.
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Part – 2, Configure Internet Access when network adapter is not working in Leopard Virtual Machine
1) If the Hardware Address shows all 00000000 even after tried to fix the issue in step 2 in Part 1, we have option to install a special driver package for network adapter inside Mac OS X Leopard guest.
2) Create a snapshot at this point.
Download the Maxxuss-AMDPCNET-v1.0_1043 driver from this link.
3) The installation steps are available here.
4) Once driver installed properly, check the bridged and NAT modes mentioned in part 1.
v.1.0 1043 driver package will work with 10.5 Leopard OS X. I have not tried this method on my computer since network worked straight away.
If you could not manage to setup network as shown in part 1, then try this method and share the outcome with us.
There are several successful installations conveyed by users in specific original thread. If anything goes wrong, restore the snapshot.
I would like to hear your feedback about these steps on Setup network and Internet access in Mac OS X Leopard in VMware Virtual machine.
Do share the outcome from these steps.
Have fun